不同产区甘草药材遗传特征与品质关键驱动因子研究

Genetic characteristics of licorice from different production areas and key driving factors influencing its quality

中文关键词:甘草  DNA条形码  ISSR  相关性分析  灰色关联度分析

keywords:licorice  DNA barcoding  ISSR  correlation analysis  gray correlation analysis

中文摘要:［摘要］ 目的：明确甘草的基原与遗传多样性，并通过关联分析探讨影响甘草有效物质含量积累的关键因素，为提升甘草药材质量和实现优质生产提供了科学依据。方法：采用DNA条形码技术对样品进行基原鉴定；基于简单重复区间序列（inter-simple sequence repeat， ISSR）分析样品遗传特征；利用高效液相色谱（High-Performance Liquid Chromatography， HPLC）测定甘草8个有效成分的含量；通过药用植物全球产地生态适宜性区划信息系统获取19个气候因子数据，利用曼特尔（Mantel test）相关性分析揭示遗传因子和气候因子与甘草有效成分的相关性，通过灰色关联度分析探讨影响甘草有效成分含量积累的主导因子。结果：样品基原鉴定为甘草和光果甘草；甘肃和内蒙古的甘草居群内部表现出较丰富的遗传多样性且个体差异较大，而居群间差异很小并存在基因交流；年降水量、平均月温差和气温年较差、等位基因数（number of allele， Na）、有效等位基因数（number of effect allele， Ne）、基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon's信息指数（I）与甘草有效成分含量呈显著正相关，年均降水量、气温年较差和Shannon's信息指数是影响甘草有效成分含量积累的主导因素。结论：明确了甘草的基原背景，基于遗传分析和有效成分含量的测定，探讨了影响甘草品质的关键因子，为其质量评价及道地性研究提供了科学依据。

Abstract:[Abstract]: Objective: To clarify the genetic origins and diversity of licorice, and to identify key factors influencing the accumulation of its active compounds through correlation analysis, thereby providing a scientific basis for enhancing the quality of licorice medicinal materials and achieving superior production. Methods: DNA barcoding was employed for species identification. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyze genetic characteristics. The contents of eight active components in licorice were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nineteen climatic factor datasets were obtained from the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants. Mantel test correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationships among genetic factors, climatic factors, and the contents of active components. Grey relational analysis was further conducted to investigate the dominant factors influencing the accumulation of these active components. Results: The samples were identified as Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and G. glabra L.. Populations of licorice in Gansu and Inner Mongolia exhibit relatively rich genetic diversity within populations with significant individual variations, while showing minimal differences between populations and evidence of gene flow. Annual precipitation, mean monthly temperature difference, and annual temperature range showed significant positive correlations with the number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), gene diversity index (H), Shannon's information index (I), and the contents of active components. Annual precipitation, annual temperature range, and Shannon's information index were identified as the dominant factors affecting the accumulation of active components in licorice. Conclusion: This study clarified the genetic background of licorice. Based on genetic analysis and quantification of active components, it explored the key factors influencing licorice quality, providing a scientific foundation for its quality evaluation and research on its geoherbalism.