不同产区来源丹参的农艺性状与有效成分综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Active Components of Salvia miltiorrhiza from Different Origins

中文关键词:丹参  不同产区来源  农艺性状  有效成分  综合评价

keywords:Salvia miltiorrhiza  materials from different origins  agronomic traits  active components  comprehensive evaluation

中文摘要:目的：在统一栽培和管理条件下比较不同产区来源丹参的农艺性状与主要活性成分差异，并进行综合评价筛选。方法：收集来自多产区的丹参材料，并纳入3批近缘野生对照材料，测定根部关键农艺性状（根鲜质量、根长、粗根粗、皮木比、根数、三级根数），采用超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）对丹参素钠、丹酚酸B、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA含量进行测定并计算总丹参酮含量；进行描述统计、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA），结合变量重要性投影值（VIP）筛选关键指标，并采用根鲜质量、三级根数、皮木比、丹参素钠、丹酚酸B和总丹参酮含量构建6指标综合评价体系，结合熵权逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）进行综合评价。结果：在同一环境下，不同产区来源丹参存在明显差异，根鲜质量为71.85~1 146.54 g，丹酚酸B含量为3.535%~7.844%，总丹参酮含量为0.038%~0.933%；3批近缘野生对照材料在根系结构和成分积累上与栽培丹参材料存在明显差异；相关性分析表明，三级根数、皮木比等根系结构性状与总丹参酮积累存在一定相关性；PCA和OPLS-DA结果显示，不同来源材料在综合性状上存在明显区别，VIP分析表明活性成分指标和根系结构指标共同决定材料差异；熵权TOPSIS评价中，SD-PYI-01（山东平邑）、SD-JCH-01（山东鄄城）、SD-YYU-01（山东沂源）理想型贴近度居前。结论：在统一栽培条件下，不同产区来源丹参材料在农艺性状与主要活性成分含量上存在明显差异；根系结构性状可为品质形成和优异材料初筛提供辅助依据；基于6指标构建的综合评价体系适用于不同来源材料的优异候选材料筛选；上述材料可进一步开展扩繁及稳定性验证，为丹参良种选育与区域化利用提供参考。

Abstract:Objective: To compare the agronomic traits and major active component contents of Salvia miltiorrhiza materials from different origins under unified cultivation and management conditions, and to conduct comprehensive evaluation and screening.Methods: S. miltiorrhiza materials collected from multiple origins, together with three batches of closely related wild control materials, were studied. Key root agronomic traits, including fresh root weight, root length, coarse root diameter, phloem-to-xylem ratio, root number, and tertiary root number, were measured. The contents of sodium danshensu, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and the total tanshinone content (sum of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA) was calculated. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. Key variables were further screened using variable importance in projection (VIP), and a six-index comprehensive evaluation system was established based on fresh root weight, tertiary root number, phloem-to-xylem ratio, sodium danshensu, salvianolic acid B, and total tanshinone content, followed by entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) analysis.Results: Under the same cultivation conditions, significant differences were observed among S. miltiorrhiza materials from different origins. Fresh root weight ranged from 71.85 to 1 146.54 g, salvianolic acid B content ranged from 3.535% to 7.844%, and total tanshinone content ranged from 0.038% to 0.933%. The three batches of closely related wild control materials differed markedly from cultivated S. miltiorrhiza materials in root structural traits and component accumulation patterns. Correlation analysis showed that root structural traits, such as tertiary root number and phloem-to-xylem ratio, were associated with total tanshinone accumulation. PCA and OPLS-DA revealed clear overall differentiation among materials from different origins, while VIP analysis indicated that both active component indices and root structural traits jointly contributed to material variation. In the entropy-weighted TOPSIS evaluation, SD-PYI-01 (Pingyi, Shandong), SD-JCH-01 (Juancheng, Shandong), and SD-YYU-01 (Yiyuan, Shandong) ranked highest in closeness to the ideal solution.Conclusion: Under unified cultivation conditions, S. miltiorrhiza materials from different origins showed significant differences in agronomic traits and major active component contents. Root structural traits can provide useful supplementary information for quality formation analysis and preliminary screening of promising materials. The six-index comprehensive evaluation system established in this study is applicable for screening candidate superior materials from different origins. These promising materials can be further propagated and evaluated for stability, providing a reference for breeding and regional utilization of S. miltiorrhiza.