中医药调控NF-κB信号通路治疗葡萄膜炎的研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Uveitis

中文关键词:葡萄膜炎  核因子-κB信号通路  中医药  研究进展

keywords:Uveitis  Nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway  Traditional Chinese medicine  Research progress

中文摘要:葡萄膜炎是一类累及虹膜、睫状体及脉络膜等葡萄膜组织的眼内炎症性疾病,病因复杂,可由感染性或非感染性因素所致。该病不仅可引起眼红、眼痛及视力下降等症状,严重者可导致不可逆视功能损害,严重影响患者生活质量。目前研究发现,持续异常的炎症反应是葡萄膜炎发生发展的关键病理基础,而核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路在该病中发挥核心作用,主要体现在其介导免疫细胞活化、促炎因子持续释放及血-眼屏障功能破坏等多个环节。近年来大量体内外实验研究证实,中医药可通过调控NF-κB信号通路抑制炎症反应并改善葡萄膜炎相关组织损伤。基于此,本文系统总结NF-κB信号通路在葡萄膜炎发病机制中的作用及中医药干预该通路防治葡萄膜炎的研究进展,以期为临床综合防治及新药研发提供理论依据。

Abstract:Uveitis is an intraocular inflammatory disorder involving the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Its etiology is complex and may be attributed to infectious or non-infectious factors. Clinically, uveitis presents with ocular redness, pain, and decreased visual acuity; in severe cases, it may lead to irreversible visual impairment, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Accumulating evidence indicates that persistent and dysregulated inflammatory responses constitute the central pathological basis of uveitis. Among the related signaling pathways, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a pivotal role by mediating immune cell activation, sustaining pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and disrupting the blood–ocular barrier. In recent years, a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can attenuate inflammatory responses and ameliorate uveitis-associated tissue injury through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the role of NF-κB signaling in the pathogenesis of uveitis and discusses recent advances in TCM-based interventions targeting this pathway, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for comprehensive clinical management and novel drug development.